Different paths to conception
In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) is a widely recognized method of assisted conception. This process begins with hormone treatments and injections designed to stimulate the ovaries, encouraging them to produce more eggs. Once the eggs are ready, they are retrieved and then fertilized with a sperm sample in a laboratory to create embryos. The final step involves transferring the embryos into the uterus, with the hope of achieving a successful pregnancy.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a procedure that aids natural conception by placing specially prepared sperm directly into the uterus. This technique boosts the chances of sperm reaching the fallopian tubes and fertilizing the mature egg. In some cases, medications and a trigger injection are used to stimulate the production of multiple eggs and to time their release accurately.
Ovulation Induction is a hormone treatment that uses oral medications such as Clomid or Letrozole to stimulate the ovaries to develop eggs and induce ovulation. This increases the chances of successful conception through timed intercourse. It can be used as a primary method or in conjunction with IUI, especially for women with irregular menstrual cycles or those who do not ovulate.
Secondary Infertility (Second Fertility)
Secondary infertility—sometimes called second fertility—refers to difficulty conceiving or carrying a pregnancy after having had a previous child. It can be unexpected and emotionally challenging, but with timely assessment and support, many families are able to conceive again.
Causes
Secondary infertility can affect both women and men. Common contributing factors include:
- Age: Fertility naturally declines over time, especially after age 35 in women.
- Ovulation disorders: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause irregular or absent ovulation.
- Uterine or tubal factors: Scarring, fibroids, or blocked fallopian tubes can affect conception or implantation.
- Male factors: Changes in sperm count, motility, or quality since the last pregnancy can impact fertility.
- Lifestyle and health changes: Weight fluctuations, stress, or newly diagnosed medical conditions may influence reproductive health.
Diagnosis
A thorough evaluation helps identify the possible causes and guide appropriate care. Your doctor may recommend:
- Blood tests to assess hormone levels and ovulation.
- Ultrasound to check the uterus and ovaries.
- Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) to evaluate whether the fallopian tubes are open.
- Semen analysis to assess sperm health and function.
- Additional tests if there have been significant health or lifestyle changes since your previous pregnancy.
Common Questions
Is secondary infertility common?
Yes. Many couples who have conceived before may experience challenges conceiving again, often due to age-related or medical changes over time.
Can stress play a role?
While stress alone does not cause infertility, it may affect hormone balance and lifestyle habits that influence fertility.
Do I need IVF for secondary infertility?
Not always. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Options can include ovulation induction, intrauterine insemination (IUI), or IVF when appropriate.
Does age still matter if I’ve had a child before?
Yes. Fertility continues to decline with age, even after a previous successful pregnancy.
Can lifestyle changes make a difference?
Yes. Improving nutrition, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing smoking or alcohol can all support reproductive health.
Treatment Options
Treatment is tailored to the cause and individual circumstances and may include:
- Lifestyle adjustments to optimise general health and fertility.
- Medication to stimulate ovulation or balance hormones.
- Surgery to address fibroids, scar tissue, or other structural issues.
- IUI or IVF to assist conception when other methods are less effective.
Your fertility specialist will guide you through available options and recommend an evidence-based approach that aligns with your health and goals.
Supporting Your Fertility Journey
At GenPrime, we understand that secondary infertility can be both surprising and emotional. Our focus is on providing clarity, compassion, and personalised care for families seeking to conceive again.